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What is the reactivity series of metals?
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au (decreasing reactivity)
What is an ore?
A mineral from which a metal can be economically extracted
What is gangue?
The unwanted impurities mixed with an ore
What is roasting?
Heating an ore strongly in presence of excess air to convert it to oxide
What is calcination?
Heating ore in limited air to remove volatile impurities like CO₂ or water
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